INTRODUCTIONIX





with the appropriatecolor name." For example, {blk}shown on the left front of a key, hold the COMMO-
is how we indicate orange, the second color for the IDOREkey down and pres the key with the graphic
key. Youwil seebelow that underliningwithin bracescharacter.
always means "hold down the COMMODOREkey."The graphicsproducedwith the SHIFT key are
To turn reverse-videoon and of, we use {rvs-on}shown as capital leters inside the braces. For exam-
and {rvs-of}. By looking at Table 1,you can see thatple, {X} is how we show "hold down SHIFT, and pres
this involves pushing two keys. You can produce thethe leter X." Table I shows al of the graphics pro-
reverse-videoby holding the CTRL key down whileduced by these shifted keys.
presing 9 for {rvs-on} (reverse on) or 0 for {rvs-of}The plus and minus sign, the commercial "at" sign,
(reverse of).the asterisk, and the British "pound"sign are other
graphicsproducedby the SHIFTkey when they
appear inside braces.
A Simple Example
Graphics That Use the COMMODORE Key
Here is an exampleof a PRINT~tatementthat
clears the scren, uses a cursor-rightto move oneWe show the COMMODOREkey graphics just like
space to the right, goes down one row, turns on thethe SHIFT graphic characters,except we underline
color red, and prints "HI" on the screen:the key you should pres. For example, {X} wil pro-
duce the characterE'J.Underlined symbols give you
10PRINT"{clr right down red} HI"the graphic character shown to the left on the front of
To enter the example, type the folowing:the C-64 keycap, while the non-underlinedsymbols
producethe graphic shown on the right side of the
the number 10
keycap.
the word PRINT

a quote (")Repeated Cursor Movements and Spaces
the CLR key
cursor-rightkeySome cursor movementsinvolve a lot of repeti-
cursor-downkeytion, for example, {home down down down down}.
hold down the CTRL key and pres the number 3To save space and increaseclarity, we show such
(for the color red)repetitionsby a key count folowed by the key name.
the leters H, IThe example above would be shown as:
and the closing quote (")
{home 4°down}
Note thatblanksinside curly bracesare never
Here's an examplethat shows how we print a
typed unles the word {space} is speled out. Blanks
are used to separate the names of special keys and arehome,10 cursor-downs,and 20 cursor-rights,fol-
included for clarity only. For example, {down downlowed by "HELLO"(printed in yelow):
left} means pres thre keys: cursor-down,cursor-10PRINT "{home 10°down 20°right yel HELLO"
down, and cursor-left. The blanks between the names
are not entered into the computer.Since blank spaces tend to be used in long strings,
we also use the repetitionfactor when more than
thre importantblanks appear together. This makes
Graphics that Use the SHIFT Keyit far easier to type in the right number of spaces.

Most keys on the C-64 keyboard can produce threJOYSTICKS AND SOUND
diferentcodes: a leter, such as an "X", and two
diferent graphic characters.The graphic characterMany ofthe games use the C-64 joystick. For such
shown on the right front of a key is producedbygames, plug the joystick into control port 2. Port 2 is
holdingthe SHIFT key down and presing the keyused because port 1can sometimes interfere with the
with the desired graphic. For example, to produce thekeyboard.
heart character,hold down the SHIFT key and thenWhen you use the joystick, hold it so that the "fire
pres the S key. To producethe graphiccharacterbuton" is at the upper left-hand corner. We've found

